All about ROUNDING
Introduction
ROUNDING is a very important factor in Mathematical calculations. In MS SQL Server we offend use different function to round the mathematical data. I saw that developer face a common problem when rounding data. It may be mathematical rounding or financial rounding. The main cause of facing problem, it is not to shame to say a lot of developer doesn't have any idea about rounding and how it works. In this article I am trying to clear all the problem related to rounding. Hope you like it and find it useful.
Tropics to discuss
1. What the Logic Behind Rounding
2. MS SQL Server and Rounding
3. Financial Rounding
What the Logic Behind Rounding
As I am not a mathematician, so I follow some simple rules for mathematical rounding.
1. If the last digit is less than 5 – you must drop it.
2. If the last digit is greeter then 5 – you must drop it and increase the second to last digit by 1.
3. If the last digit is equal to 5 -- drop the five and increase the second to last digit by one if it is odd, and do not increase the second to the last digit if it is even.
If we take an example
1. Rounding 12.71 = 12.7
2. Rounding 12.79 = 12.8
3. Rounding 12.75 = 12.8 and Rounding 12.85 = 12.8
MS SQL Server and Rounding
In MS SQL Server the rounding function depends on the data type.
Depends upon the data type (Int, float, decimal etc) the rounding value may be different. The MS SQL Server provide 3 types of rounding functions ROUND(), CEILING() and FLOOR() and depends on the function the value is different.
ROUND()
It returns a numeric value and round up to specified length or precisions.
The syntax is
ROUND ( numeric_expression , length [ ,function ] )
Numaric_Expressions
This can be positive or negative numbers and data type can be Int, decimal, numeric, money or small money.
If the length is an negative number in this case
Example
|
Result
|
ROUND(748.58, -1)
|
750
|
ROUND(748.58, -2)
|
700
|
ROUND(748.58, -3)
|
Numeric Over flow
|
In this Example of ROUND() the Last digit is always estimated
Example
|
Result
|
ROUND(123.9994, 3)
|
123.9990
|
ROUND(123.9995, 3)
|
123.0000
|
In this Example of ROUND() Showing approximations
Example
|
Result
|
ROUND(123.4545, 2)
|
123.4500
|
ROUND(123.45, -2)
|
100.00
|
In this Example of ROUND() Showing round and truncation
Example
|
Result
|
ROUND(150.75, 0)
|
151.00
|
ROUND(150.75, 0, 1)
|
150.00
|
CEILING()
Evaluates the value on the right side of the decimal and returns the smallest integer greater than, or equal to, the specified numeric expression. It accepts one value (Value to round).
Example:
SELECT CEILING(123.45) AS 'CEILING(123.45)',
CEILING(-123.45)AS 'CEILING(-123.45)',
CEILING(0.0) AS 'CEILING(0.0)'
CEILING(123.45) CEILING(-123.45) CEILING(0.0)
124 -123 0
FLOOR()
Evaluates the value on the right side of the decimal and returns the largest integer less than or equal to the specified numeric expression and accepts one value (Value to round).
SELECT FLOOR(123.45) AS 'FLOOR(123.45)',
FLOOR(-123.45)AS 'FLOOR(-123.45)',
FLOOR(0.0) AS 'FLOOR(0.0)'
FLOOR(123.45) FLOOR(-123.45) FLOOR(0.0)
123 -124 0
Financial Rounding
If I have a fanatical report showing
Srl. No
|
Description
|
Amount in Rs
|
1
|
Item-1
|
1000.15
|
2
|
Item-2
|
1000.25
|
3
|
Item-3
|
1000.35
|
4
|
Item-4
|
1000.45
|
Total
|
4001.20
| |
If you say a customer to pay Rs. 4001.20 you definitely get some …..
So it should be rounded up to Rs. 4001.00. In another example if the grand total is Rs. 4001.71, it should be rounded up to Rs. 4002.00.
To get this type of rounding we can make an UDF of MS SQL Server. Here we are taking a concept of Round off (+) or Round off (-).
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.fn_finantialRound') IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
DROP FUNCTION dbo.fn_finantialRound;
END
GO
CREATE FUNCTION fn_finantialRound
(
@p_RoundNumber DECIMAL(20,2)
)
RETURNS DECIMAL
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_RerVal DECIMAL(20,2),
@v_RndZero DECIMAL(20,2),
@v_OrgNo DECIMAL(20,2),
@v_StoreVal DECIMAL(20,2);
SET @v_OrgNo = @p_RoundNumber;
SET @v_RndZero = ROUND(@p_RoundNumber, 0);
SET @v_StoreVal = @v_RndZero - @v_OrgNo;
IF @v_StoreVal > 0
BEGIN
SET @v_RerVal = @v_OrgNo + @v_StoreVal;
END
ELSE IF @v_StoreVal < 0
BEGIN
SET @v_RerVal = @v_OrgNo - ABS(@v_StoreVal);
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @v_RerVal = @p_RoundNumber;
END
RETURN @v_RerVal;
END
GO
-- Testing
SELECT dbo.fn_finantialRound(12.27) -- 12.00
SELECT dbo.fn_finantialRound(12.77) -- 13.00
Hope you like it.
